awk useful comand examples. How to Output Field Separator Variable, Number of Fields in a record, To print Non-system users and ignoring "nobody" etc.  You may reading link below : How to reset root password on centos 7 CentOS/RHEL Use yum Command To Downgrade Upgrade or Rollback Updates Generate and Verify Files with MD5 Checksum in Linux use inotify-tools on centos For example, the output passwd file use awk command $ cat /etc/passwd | awk -F':' 'BEGIN{ print "Name\tUID,GID\tHomeDirectory" }{print $1"\t"$3,$4"\t"$6}' The output as below: Name UID,GID HomeDirectory root 0 0 /root bin 1 1 /bin daemon 2 2 /sbin adm 3 4 /var/adm lp 4 7 /var/spool/lpd sync 5 0 /sbin shutdown 6 0 /sbin halt 7 0 /sbin mail 8 12 /var/spool/mail operator 11 0 /root games 12 100 /usr/games ftp 14 50 /var/ftp nobody 99 99 / systemd-bus-proxy 999 998 / systemd-network 192 192 / dbus 81 81 / polkitd 998 997 / tss 59 59 /dev/null s...

Introduction In the digital age, email security is paramount. One effective way to bolster your email defense is by enforcing SPF (Sender Policy Framework) checking for incoming emails. By default, SPF checking in Zimbra is not enabled and requires configuration. This tutorial will guide you through the process of enabling and configuring SPF checks using cbpolicyd in Zimbra, ensuring your email system is protected from spoofing and unauthorized use. Links to below you maybe likes: zimbra 8.6 cbpolicyd example How to install and configure zimbra multi server. How to restrict to user sending mail on zimbra 8.6. How to Restrict Sending to Distribution list in zimbra mail. How to change last login time for all accounts in zimbra ldap. How to zimbra reject authenticated sender login mismatch. Understanding SPF and Its Importance SPF is an email authentication protocol that helps detect and prevent email spoofing. It allows the domain owner to specify which mail servers are permitted...

Introduction In today's digital landscape, having a reliable and feature-rich mail server is crucial for businesses of all sizes. Zimbra 8.8 stands out as a leading solution, offering advanced features that cater to the needs of modern organizations. Whether you're looking for enhanced security, better storage management, or seamless mobile integration, Zimbra 8.8 has it all. In this article, we’ll explore the new features of Zimbra 8.8, why it's the best choice for your mail server, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to install Zimbra 8.8 on CentOS 6. What’s New in Zimbra 8.8? Zimbra 8.8 introduces a host of new features that make it the preferred choice for email server management. Let's dive into the most notable enhancements: 1. Realtime Backup One of the most significant improvements in Zimbra 8.8 is the **Realtime Backup** feature. This functionality ensures that your data is continuously backed up with no data loss, providing peace of mind for businesses th...

Introduction In today’s digital landscape, managing email security is critical for organizations. Zimbra, a robust email collaboration suite, offers powerful features to filter email traffic using domain whitelisting and blacklisting. This functionality ensures only trusted domains can communicate, while malicious or spammy domains are blocked effectively. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how to configure and use these features in Zimbra, along with practical examples and FAQs. Why Use Whitelisting and Blacklisting in Zimbra? Benefits of Email Filtering Improved Security : Protects users from phishing and malware-laden emails. Reduced Spam : Prevents unsolicited messages from cluttering inboxes. Customizability : Tailor filters to meet organizational needs. Operational Efficiency : Enhances productivity by minimizing distractions from spam. How Whitelisting and Blacklisting Work Whitelisting allows emails from specified domains or addresses, bypassing spam filters. Black...

Introduction Learn how to create a reverse DNS lookup script in Bash from basic to advanced levels. This detailed guide includes examples, explanations, and common FAQs to help you master DNS lookups. Includes a complete script for practical use. Reverse DNS lookup is a process used to determine the domain name associated with an IP address. This is particularly useful in network troubleshooting and server management. In this guide, we'll walk through creating a reverse DNS lookup script in Bash , starting from basic concepts and advancing to more complex implementations. By the end of this article, you'll be able to create a robust script to perform reverse DNS lookups efficiently. What is Reverse DNS Lookup? Understanding DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is like the phonebook of the internet, translating human-friendly domain names to IP addresses. Reverse DNS lookup works in the opposite direction, mapping IP addresses back to domain names. Importance of Reverse DNS Lookup Rever...

Introduction Email is the backbone of modern communication, but spam can disrupt productivity and pose security risks. Zimbra, a leading open-source collaboration suite, integrates SpamAssassin to help users manage email effectively. By creating custom SpamAssassin rules, administrators can enhance spam filtering, ensuring emails reach their intended destination. This guide delves into how to set up and optimize Zimbra custom SpamAssassin rules, leveraging insights from [HEmail is the backbone of modern communication, but spam can disrupt productivity and pose security risks. Zimbra, a leading open-source collaboration suite, integrates SpamAssassin to help users manage email effectively. By creating custom SpamAssassin rules, administrators can enhance spam filtering, ensuring emails reach their intended destination. This guide delves into how to set up and optimize Zimbra custom SpamAssassin rules, leveraging insights from Hữu Phan’s guide . Why Use Zimbra Custom SpamAssassin Rules? ...

Introduction In today's digital age, email spam has become a persistent nuisance, affecting productivity and security. If you are a Zimbra user, you might have faced challenges in managing spam effectively. One powerful method to combat spam emails is the "Zimbra bounces from spam email" functionality, which allows users to automate and manage spam filters more efficiently. In this article, we will delve deep into understanding how to utilize this feature, its benefits, and how it can streamline your email management process. Understanding Zimbra's Bounce Feature What Does "Bouncing" Mean in Email Management? Bouncing an email means rejecting a message and notifying the sender that their email could not be delivered. In the context of spam, this strategy helps deter spammers by making your email address appear inactive or unresponsive. Benefits of Using the Bounce Feature Reduce Inbox Clutter : Automatically reject unwanted emails. Deter Persistent Spammers ...

Introduction Managing email systems efficiently is crucial for organizations of all sizes. Zimbra , a popular email platform, provides robust features to streamline communication and enhance productivity. Among its functionalities, setting up an automatic blind carbon copy (auto Bcc) for recipient mails is a valuable tool for administrators. This feature ensures better email oversight, compliance with company policies, and seamless record-keeping. In this guide, we delve into how to create auto Bcc for recipient mails for Zimbra, exploring step-by-step instructions, practical examples, and best practices. Why Use Auto Bcc in Zimbra? Auto Bcc functionality allows email administrators to: Enhance Oversight : Automatically archive all email correspondence for transparency. Ensure Compliance : Adhere to regulatory requirements by keeping records of sent and received emails. Improve Monitoring : Monitor employee communication for quality assurance. Simplify Record-Keeping : Maintain a backu...

Introduction Spam emails are a constant nuisance, cluttering inboxes and posing security risks. Zimbra 8.6 provides robust tools to combat spam effectively. In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of adding spam filters to Zimbra 8.6, covering everything from basic setup to advanced configurations. Links to below you maybe likes: zimbra custom spamassassin rules How to create auto Bcc for Recipient mails for Zimbra 8.6 How to add spam filters on zimbra 8.6 How to create auto Bcc for sender mails for Zimbra 8.6 list accounts that has not logged in for the last x days in zimbra Setting Up Basic Spam Filters Checking Current Settings Before adding new spam filters, it’s essential to check the current spam filter settings. You can do this by logging in as the Zimbra user and running the following command: su - zimbra zmprov gacf | grep zimbraMtaRestriction Adding Spam Filters To add spam filters in Zimbra 8.6, use the zmprov command to update the zimbraMtaRestriction ...

How to auto copy of all email from bcc_huupv@mail.huuphan.local to huupv@mail.huuphan.local. Every email send from bcc_huupv@mail.huuphan.local to email another, then automation bcc to huupv@mail.huuphan.local. How to create auto Bcc for Recipient mails for Zimbra 8.6 To check "Sender BCC Maps" sender_bcc_maps on your zimbra 8.6 $ postconf | egrep "sender_bcc_maps" The output as below sender_bcc_maps = To configure sender bbc maps on zimbra 8.6 # su - zimbra $ cd /opt/zimbra/postfix/conf/ To create sender_bcc $ vim sender_bcc Input the content as below bcc_huupv@mail.huuphan.local huupv@mail.huuphan.local To add sender_bcc_maps in main.cf file $ vim /opt/zimbra/postfix/conf/main.cf To add the following line in below sender_bcc_maps = lmdb:/opt/zimbra/postfix/conf/sender_bcc To apply configure sender_bcc_maps $ postmap /opt/zimbra/postfix/conf/sender_bcc To restart the zimbra postfix $ postfix reload To check "Sender BCC Maps" sender_bc...